News media reported recently that Zimbabwe is the poorest country in the world after the Democratic Republic of Congo. But Africa Check discovered the ranking is flawed.
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“A global business magazine has ranked Zimbabwe one of the two poorest countries in the world in a damning verdict of President Robert Mugabe’s 35-year-rule,” wrote New Zimbabwe.
Is the ranking correct?
DRC poorest, Qatar richest
The news outlets cited as their source an article by New York-based magazine Global Finance in which 184 economies were ranked from poorest to richest.
Global Finance stated the list was compiled from 2013 International Monetary Fund (IMF) data. The way it was determined was by converting every country’s gross domestic product (GDP) – an estimate of the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a specific time period – to what is called the international dollar.
The conversion rate is calculated by working out how much of a country’s local currency you would need to buy what $1 would buy in the United States (this is referred to as purchasing power parity).
Each country’s GDP in international dollar was then divided by its population to provide a per capita figure. In this way you can see what each person’s income would have been if the GDP was divided equally among citizens.
According to Global Finance’s list, the Democratic Republic of Congo’s GDP in international dollar per capita was the lowest of the 184 countries in 2013 at $394, while Zimbabwe’s was next lowest at $590, followed by Burundi’s at $649.
The countries with the highest income per person were Qatar ($105,091), Luxembourg ($79,594) and Singapore ($61,567).
Zimbabwe in 26th place of 187 countries
Figures in the IMF’s April 2013 World Economic Outlook Database correspond to those used by Global Finance, but the figures have since been backwardly adjusted and differ markedly.
Updated 2013 IMF estimates: Central African Republic’s GDP in international dollar per capita is the lowest of 187 countries at $604. Zimbabwe’s is 26th lowest at $1,976 per person.
2015 IMF estimates: Once again Central African Republic’s GDP in international dollar per capita is lowest at $634, while Zimbabwe is 26th out of 187 countries at $2,099 per person.
Why is the data different?
In July 2014, the IMF updated their conversion rate to international dollar for all the countries they monitor. In the 2013 reports they were still using the International Comparison Program’s 2005 benchmarks, adjusted for inflation. The new 2011 benchmark suggested a “significantly higher” conversion rate for developing countries such as Zimbabwe.
“As per usual practice, we re-estimated the [conversion] rates for the preceding years based on the new [conversion] benchmarks. For this reason, there can be differences in the historical GDP data [in international dollar] between World Economic Outlook updates for a given country,” the IMF said in a statement to Africa Check.
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